FAR 25.853 (with its Appendix F) is the fireworthiness rule for aircraft cabin materials. Its test methods live in the FAA Fire Test Handbook, and a cabin material typically faces several of them, chosen by where in the cabin it is used.
The main tests
Vertical Bunsen burner tests give the baseline flammability screen for most cabin materials, with burn length, flame time and drip time limits. Heat release on the OSU apparatus applies to large cabin surfaces: the rule's famous limits are a peak heat release rate of 65 kW/m² and a two-minute integrated release of 65 kW·min/m². Smoke density in the NBS chamber caps specific optical density for cabin materials (Ds 200 at four minutes is the widely applied limit). Oil burner tests cover seat cushions (fire blocking), insulation burn-through and cargo liners, run on the NexGen burner. Toxicity assessment of smoke gases is required by the airframe manufacturers' own specifications (BSS 7239 / AITM families) rather than the FAR itself.
The Motis aviation set
The OSU apparatus, NBS chamber with its aviation options, the FAA oil burner series and FTIR toxicity analysis together equip an aviation fire laboratory. The aviation sector page lays out the matrix by cabin application.